Theory of Cognitive Development When the Greatest Ideas are Put to Practice

There is no secret that of all complicated mechanisms existing, the one of a human brain must be the most sophisticated one. Even though some major discoveries were made, they were still the tip of the iceberg until Jean Piaget came with his theory of cognitive development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of Cognitive Development: When the Greatest Ideas are Put to Practice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Explaining in details how the process of learning takes place and splitting it in several key phases, Piaget helped the humankind understand the manner in which the cognitive process takes place. In addition, one of the obvious elements of cognition, which is moral reasoning (Verderber, Sellnow and Verderber 425), is emphasized by Piaget. Taking a closer look at the theory and the way it is implemented in real life, one can possibly understand the logics of Piaget’s arguments and learning the plac e that moral reasoning takes in the given chain or ideas. To start with, it is necessary to mention that the process of cognition, in Piaget’s interpretation, is split into four stages. As McLeod explains, these are the â€Å"sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational† (McLeod para. 8) stages; and, since â€Å"there is always interaction between ourselves and objects† (TESLAPPE), as Piaget himself explained it, the four are completely inseparable. The first one, sensorimotor stage, presupposes that the child identify an object with the help of the five senses, thus, recognizing its basic characteristics. As Piaget himself put it, â€Å"We can see that the child does not draw what he sees. He draws the idea of it. He draws what he knows of it† (TESLAPPE). The above-mentioned can be traced in one of the numerous examples of how a child reacts to a certain irritant. For instance, when a child pays attention to a rattle toy, as it is shown in the video by jenningh, the sensorimotor stage of the cognition process is reached. Even though the child does not seem to be interested in the toy much, as it is shown in the video, he still recognizes it, and it becomes clear that whenever he hears this sound next time, he will be aware of the fact that there is a rattle toy somewhere in the vicinity. Moreover, the baby will have the image of a rattle toy in his mind when hearing the familiar sound, thus, forming an idea about the source of the noise.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The next stage will be the preoperational one. At the given stage, the child is not ready yet to think in a symbolic manner, but offers very basic knowledge about the way a certain phenomenon happens or the way a certain object functions. The given stage can be considered a link between the materialistic perception of a certain thing and abst ract thinking. If considering this process from Piaget’s perspective, one must admit that there is a certain artistic touch to the given stage. As Piaget comments on the given process, â€Å"knowledge is always an assimilation or interpretation† (TESLAPPE); therefore, the given stage allows the child to assimilate the basic knowledge about a certain object or phenomenon and interpret it in a way which the child finds clear and convincing. As the child recognizes the object, the time for a concrete operational stage comes. At this point, the child already has a certain concept about the given object and understands its mechanics. Hence, the stage of abstract thinking is activated. With the help of abstract thinking, the child can deduce a number of ideas from the facts that (s)he has at hand. Creating a train of ideas, a child reaches certain conclusions, thus, learning to think in a logical way. The given stage is demonstrated in the experiment with a girl drawing a tr iangle – a new shape which she is attempting to learn to recognize and depict (TESLAPPE). It is evident that the girl already has certain concepts about other geometry figures, since she starts drawing a square by the force of habit. Even though the girl fails to complete the task, coming up with a square, the given experiment makes it clear that the concept of a square has been cemented into the girl’s mind. Thus, she tries to apply the old concept to the given task, being at the operational stage. Finally, the process ends up with the formal operational part, â€Å"when adolescent begins to think abstractly and to reason hypothetically† (jenningh). At the given stage, a child can think in an abstract manner without any material objects as a support, thus, developing his/her deduction and induction skills. It is important that the reasoning at the formal operational part can be fully hypothetical. Reached at the age of eleven or more, the formal operational par t is the final chapter in the cognitive development process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of Cognitive Development: When the Greatest Ideas are Put to Practice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is quite peculiar that in Verderber’s book, the given stages are interpreted as â€Å"preconventional morality† and â€Å"conventional morality,† while the two are subsequently splits into two stages each (Verderber, Sellnow and Verderber). Hence, the four elements of the idea remain in their places, but the shape in which they are offered is changed a bit. A Report on a Piagetian Experiment To demonstrate the concept of the cognition theory and show the way it works when being put into practice, the following experiment was conducted. Three people were picked to answer a certain question. The first participant was a four-year-old boy who referred to himself as â€Å"me† and â€Å" Jim†, the second one was a twelve-year-old girl, and the third one was a nineteen-year-old man. The people mentioned above were offered a single question to answer, namely, â€Å"What if people didn’t have thumbs?† The latter made a joke, â€Å"Then we wouldn’t know how to rate comments on YouTube.† The girl answered, â€Å"I don’t know.† Meanwhile, the boy nearly cried in fear, imagining the consequences. Analyzing the results which have been derived from the â€Å"opinion poll,† one will see that the three participants displayed the reactions which are characteristic of the people who are on a certain stage of the cognition of their bodies. Obviously, the boy is yet at the sensorimotor stage, which means that he does not identify his self and his body yet and is only learning to. Hence, the idea of taking his thumbs away seemed extremely realistic and, therefore, very frightening to him. Meanwhile, the girl displayed in a rath er graphic way that she is at the stage of formal operations in the process of cognizing her body. Since she has obviously learned to identify her body and her own self, the idea of not having a certain part of her body seemed ridiculous to her and, thus, left her speechless. Meanwhile, the nineteen-year-old, who is way past the final stage of learning about his body properties, has these concepts cemented in his mind so hard that he can even make jokes about the idea of not having a thumb. Thus, the three examples make perfect specimens for a corresponding cognition process stage. Works Cited jenningh. â€Å"Formal Operational Child.† YouTube. 11 Jun. 2007. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More jenningh. â€Å"Object Performance.† YouTube. 10 Jan. 2007. Web. McLeod, Saul. â€Å"Jean Piaget.† Simply Psychology. 2009. Web. TESLAPPE. Piaget on Piaget, Part 1. YouTube. 4 Oct. 2010. Web. Verderber, Rudolf F., Deanna D. Sellnow and Kathleen S. Verderber. â€Å"Moral Reasoning: Cognitive Developmental Theory.† The Challenge of Effective Speaking. Ed. Rudolf F. Verderber, Deanna D. Sellnow and Kathleen S. Verderber. Stamford, CN: Cengage Learning. 2011. 425-428. Vance-Granville Community College Library. Web. This essay on Theory of Cognitive Development: When the Greatest Ideas are Put to Practice was written and submitted by user Carissa E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Preparing For the AS Music Sample Essay

Preparing For the AS Music Sample EssayIf you're looking for a way to help yourself prepare for the As Music Sample Essay, this is the article for you. There are many ways that you can approach the paper, and I will show you a few today. If you're not sure what the exam consists of, then read on. Hopefully by the time you've finished reading this, you'll be prepared for the exam and will have a better idea of how to prepare for it.It's vital that you go to high school or college, where you will take some kind of advanced class on the subject of music and sound. You'll need to know all about instruments, of course, but you also need to learn about recording studios, technology, composition, music theory, and theory. You'll want to be well-informed about all of these things before you ever write your essay.Most students know that they need to study hard in order to get as high as possible on the exam. However, I've never seen any student who has prepared for this test at home. This is a big mistake, and I'll show you why.There are a number of good reasons to study for the AS Music Sample Essay at school. The reason I'm talking about this now is because it has a lot to do with how well you study and with your confidence.There is a good note of advice for students like you though: don't be nervous. Your exam is an important exam that you need to pass if you want to become a professional musician, so don't let yourself get nervous.You'll be fine. I wish I had started out the day by preparing my mind for what was to come, instead of getting anxious, but this is my own fault. The fact of the matter is that we're all human, and our minds operate better when we're calm.Our memories and other cognitive abilities work better when we are calm. When you're tense, your brain is going to try to form pictures and memorize facts. This is very counter-productive and can actually prevent you from doing well on the AS Music Sample Essay.So if you're thinking of taking the AS Music Sample Essay in high school and are wondering if you should prepare at home, my answer is yes. The reason I say this is because it's easy to study, it's easy to forget what you've learned, and it's easy to get too anxious about the test. It's best to just take it in school, and get used to taking the same kind of tests that you'd have to take on the exam.

Painting from History Essays

Painting from History Essays Painting from History Essay Painting from History Essay This Is an OLL palpating on canvas. Basically Its a very old picture, but the color Is still very bright. The painter would like to describe a picture that fruits stacked on a market stand, there were many different kinds, with a lot of colors. The picture looked so beautiful that people always stopped and appreciated it. Fruits were not displayed disorderly. All the fruits were placed into three columns. Some of them with bigger sizes were put in both sides, while the smaller ones such as plums, green grapes, rapes, were placed in sequence from top to bottom in the middle of the picture. The fruits with a similar color were not also put together. Pink peaches were placed on the upper right corner, while red tomatoes were put under them, and yellow pears were displayed in the bottom right corner. Red apples, oranges and green apples were also placed in order on the left sides. It was a trenchancy comparison, and the customers can easily find what they want, save their time and feel more confident. The business of this counter must be very prosperous because the colors of the fruit coked so bright that It made us feel they must be very delicious, so did the customers. When I was looking at the picture, I even couldnt help picking the fruits off to eat. The fruits were not just on the table, but you couldnt see the table in the painting because the sellers spread a piece of cloth below each bigger fruit, in order to keep them fresh and clean, and the table had been hide. But instead, each smaller one would be put into a box, because these small fruits would be easily scattered all over the floor without containers. Whats more, there were some plants with dark green leaves placed behind the fruits. The whole scene gave us a comfortable feeling. It would help the customers felt more relax and enjoyed their shopping. Z This picture was Just painted a common fruit shelf in a market. But the seller not only sold his fruit, but also beat his brain to layout the table. Customers came here to buy some fruits, liked watching a fruit exhalation with varies of colors. It Is sure that the painters also loved this scene, so he painted It, and let the reader be personally on he scene. Descriptive Essay By Sirocco This is an oil painting on canvas. Basically its a very old picture, but the color is still looked so bright that it made us feel they must be very delicious, so did the customers. When I was looking at the picture, I even couldnt help picking the fruits off to eat. The fruits were not Just on the table, but you couldnt see the table in the some fruits, liked watching a fruit exhibition with varies of colors. It is sure that the painters also loved this scene, so he painted it, and let the reader be personally on

Financial accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Financial accounting - Essay Example Return kind of ratios represents the ability of a company to measure its overall efficiency more so in generating the returns to the shareholders. On the other hand, ratios that indicate margin illustrate the ability of the company to translate its sales dollars into profits. This therefore implies that the main purpose of profitability ratios is to measure the ability of a company to generate its earnings relative to assets, equity and sales. Liquidity ratios indicates the ability of a company to meet or pay off its short term debt obligations or short term liabilities as they fall due. It indicates the company’s low default risk in case the ratios are more than one. The company’s current ratio is increasing over time indicating that the company’s ability is increasing as well. This means that the company is able to meet its short term liabilities with ease hence it is having a high performance. The company’s quick ratio is less than one implying that its most liquid assets are not enough to meet its short term obligations. This means that the company is over-leveraged, collecting its receivables slowly, paying its bills too quickly or struggling to grow or maintain sales. However, the trend indicates an increase in the company’s most liquid assets evidenced by increase in quick ratio. Efficiency ratio assist the company to measure how effectively it is utilizing its assets and or how well its liabilities are managed. These ratios show how efficient the assets of a business are working to generate sales. They therefore assist a business manager conduct business better. They show how quickly a company’s money from credit sales is collected or the number of times a company’s inventory turns over. Their main purpose is therefore to show how effective the management of the company is. The company has a high turnover ratios meaning that it is using few assets to generate more revenue hence it is very efficient in its

Possible Uses of a Hammer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 209

Possible Uses of a Hammer - Assignment Example In addition, a hammer can also be used as a tool for drilling holes into surfaces and shaping objects by hitting a chisel with it. The following experience makes it easier to identify the different options that are available for a particular scenario. The information is presented in a simplified form that is easy to understand without spending a lot of time on it. This helps an individual to make a quick decision-saving time since the desired information is easily spotted. This technique of listing the different possibilities can be used in a variety of other situations to help simplify data for the user. For example, in the banks, an individual can conduct various transactions. Each transaction has a different chargee. g when sending money to another country, the amount charged is different depending on the amount one is sending and the country of the intended transfer. To simplify this charges for customers, banks can prepare a matrix indicating the range of money that is to be sent in a specific country on the vertically and the amount charged alongside it on the horizontally. Another example is that can use a matrix to simplify information is the assessment of employees against certain set criteria for performance appraisal. The desired employee traits and achievements in the various fields such as punctuality, present ability, and achievement of organizational objectives can be written on vertically. The score of the employee can be indicated horizontally for example under the heading very good, good, average, poor or very poor. This would make the evaluation of the employees easy on the various fields with the score being easily picked at each field. The use of a matrix can help individuals summarize a lot of information into a simple table. This can help in understanding various uses of different objects that are not known.

Judith Anne Neelley Essay Example for Free

Judith Anne Neelley Essay Judith Anne Neelley belongs to the growing list of women offenders convicted for heinous crimes. Just 18 years old, she was convicted in 1983 in Alabama for the brutal murder of a young girl and was meted the death penalty. However, contrasting views of whether the death penalty should be implemented and racial bias as well, influenced a former governor of the state to commute her sentence to life imprisonment in 1999 (ProsandCons.us, 2009). Her Crimes Sometime in 1980, she robbed a woman inside a mall at gunpoint (Ramsland, 2007). Two years later, she lured and kidnapped Lisa Ann Millican, 13 years old of Rome, Georgia, who was under the auspices of a home for neglected girls (Ramsland, 2007). She was sexually assaulted, stabbed, injected with drain cleaner, shot to death and her body pushed down a mountain where it was found days later (Ashley, 1999). After this, she persuaded a man and his companion to ride with her and show her around the town because she was new there. She then shot but did not kill the man John Hancock and took her girlfriend Janice Chatman to a motel where she and her husband molested and raped her (O’Shea, 1999). Over-all, she was involved in 15 murders that occurred not only in Georgia but also in Tennessee and Alabama (O’Shea, 1999). She also continually committed minor offenses such as swindling, car theft, petty theft, robbery and minor assaults (Furio, 2001). Social Background Judith Neelley did not attend middle school or high school and she was not known to hold any permanent job, doing odd jobs and also swindling and robbing in order to survive (Wetsch, 2005). As a teenager, she spent time in a youth center, having been abandoned by her parents. There she claimed that she was sexually assaulted (Wetsch, 2005). She was pregnant during her detention for armed robbery and at 15-years old she gave birth to twins (O’Shea, 1999). Her third child was also born in prison just before her trial for the murder of Lisa Millican. There is no mention of her family or childhood in the literature encountered as she was not fond of giving interviews. Marriage and Family Life At a very early age, she married Alvin Neelley who was twice her age, an ex-convict who served time for shooting his first wife. With their common behavior of being violent towards women, Alvin figured as a partner in the crimes she instigated. They referred to themselves as The Nightrider and Lady Sundance (Ramsland, 2007). Following his release from prison for their robbery in 1980, Alvin took a job at a gas station and used his earnings to buy two cars with CB radios installed (Wetsch, 2005). Judith will drive around to look for the next victim and will radio Alvin to join her when the victim is in the car. Their relationship, though sexual in nature, was at times violent and lasted because of this partnership. Â  According to her husband, Judith’s personality was very dominant and she was violent which accounted for her strong influence over him. Alvin Neelley later stated that he went along because his wife had such power over other people and he was left with no choice (Ramsland, 2007). On the other hand, Judith stated during the trial that she took women and young girls to please her husband because he wanted them, that he willingly planned and executed the acts, that he battered her and threatened her children to force her to take part (O’Shea, 1999). However, investigators and the jury eventually agreed that Judith actively participated in the killing sprees as the brains behind the murders (Kelleher Kelleher, 1998). While on predating sprees, she brought her children along. They helped her earn the trust of the people she lured. The toddlers witnessed the sexual molestation and torture of Lisa Millican and the other victims by their mother. This type of parenting, husband and wife relationship and over-all family life deviates from what is typical. Contributing Factors She was not found by the jury to be mentally disturbed or to be an abused wife factors which could help explain her brutal behavior. After her conviction, she appealed to the court but exhausted the appeals process with futility (ProsandCons.us, 2009). Does this person fit the profile of the typical offender for this type of crime? Judith Neelley did not fit the profile of the typical murderer. She was female, white, a young mother, slim and blond. Females were generally regarded as soft, caring or docile and not aggressive or violent (Schurman-Kauflin, 2000). At the time she committed murder, the stereotype of persons who had the capacity to perform such crimes was male and probably black. For this reason, it was not seriously believed at first that she perpetrated the murders (Texas AM International University, 2004). Initially, the burden of accountability for the acts was brought heavily on her husband because he was the male. At the end of the trial, she got the death penalty while her husband got two life terms. Based on current information on criminal behavior however, Judith Anne Neelley fits the profile of a female serial team killer. Because she lacked the strength to subdue victims or carry dead bodies, she raped and killed together with her husband who was also a sexual killer (Kelleher Kelleher, 1998). Only one thing sets her apart from other females in serial team killing she had already attempted to kill a man by shooting him before she even met her husband (Furio, 2001). She was delinquent as a teenager and before age 20, performed her first serial killing. Very sociable, she was able to talk her victims, either when they were alone or with their companions, into going for a ride with her in her car (TAMIU, 2004). She felt herself superior over others and called the authorities about Lisa Millican and where her body could be found, implicating a warden as the one responsible. She was cruel, merciless and delighted in the suffering and death of her victims. During the trial, she played the role of victim in saying that she was a battered wife so that her husband would get the maximum penalty while she will serve time only as an accomplice (TAMIU, 2004). Which crime theory that we have studied comes closest to explaining this offender’s behavior? The strain theory of crime causation comes closest to explaining Judith Neelley’s behavior. The extreme stress from social and economic factors that she experienced as a young girl being abandoned by her family, her poverty and then being sexually molested while in a juvenile center, all contributed in pushing her to commit crime. Unsuccessful in obtaining power from money or education, she killed others to feel powerful. List of References Ashley, D. (1999). Woman Loses Death Row Appeal. Retrieved 9 April 2009 from http://www.equaljustice.ca/cgi-bin/forum.cgi/noframes/read/6290. Furio, J. (2001). Team Killers: A Comparative Study of Collaborative Criminals. New York: Algora. Kelleher, M. and Kelleher, C.L. (1998). Murder Most Rare: The Female Serial Killer. Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. Â  O’Shea, K. (1999). Women and the Death Penalty in the United States: 1900-1998. Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. ProsandCons.us (2009). Conversion of a Killer. Retrieved 9 April 2009 from http://prosandcons.us/?cat=61

Radicalism :: essays research papers

The world of American radicalism has changed greatly over the past century. Organizations ranging from the Ku Klux Klan, founded in 1866 to more recently organized groups like the Militia Movement, only about ten years old show the transitions in American radicalism, and the different states it has endured.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is believed that the first incarnate of the racist right, as a political position started during the French Revolution with the myth of a Jewish conspiracy. Over many years this spread into the 20th century gaining popularity in the 1920’s. This was an added inspiration for the Ku Klux Klan, and added to their anti-black and anti-catholic agendas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Ku Klux Klan was started by six young men who organized a fraternal club where they would wear costumes and ride around after dark. They soon realized they were instilling fear into the community, but predominantly in the areas where the former slaves were living. Seeing this effect they quickly gained members, and within a year they began to structure rules for their organization. Inciting terror was their first goal, but it didn’t take long for them to act out further by harassment, arson and even murder of not just Blacks, but also Northern teachers, judges, politicians, or anyone they felt went against their code.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From 1915 until 1924 the Ku Klux Klan enjoyed a huge growth in membership. At one point they claimed more then 100,000 members, and at one point 40,000 of them marched in Washington D.C. during a Democratic National Convention. The Klan was so influential that it actually attracted new allies and members from the political body, primarily in the Mid-West. As the Klan grew it became increasingly violent and uncontrollable. This went against the image they were trying to present of â€Å"Law and Order.† Shortly after, in 1929 the Ku Klux Klan dissolved into many dozens of smaller, local groups.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though currently suffering its greatest decline since the 1940s, with its three most prominent national units of the era: the United Clans of America, the Invisible Empire Knights of the KKK and the Knights of the KKK, either defunct or factionalized, America's oldest hate group, the codes of the Ku Klux Klan continues to operate on a local level, in some instances still engaging in illegal acts of violence and intimidation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Christian Knights of the Ku Klux Klan was formed in 1985 by Virgil Griffin and based in Mount Holly, North Carolina.